1. “the” কী?
“the” = definite article
মানে: যেটা নির্দিষ্ট / আগে থেকে জানা / একটাই আছে – তখন আমরা “the” ব্যবহার করি।
Bengali sense: “ওই/সে/উক্ত/বিশেষ সেই” ধরনের ভাব।
2. কোথায় “the” ব্যবহার হয়
2.1. যখন বস্তু/মানুষ “নির্দিষ্ট” হয়
(ক) আগে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে
I saw a dog. The dog was black.
প্রথমে a dog (কোনো একটা কুকুর),
পরে the dog = আগের সেই নির্দিষ্ট কুকুর।
I bought a book. The book is very interesting.
→ সে বইটা খুবই interesting।
(খ) যে আমরা দুজনেই জানি কোনটা
Close the door, please.
→ দরজাটা বন্ধ করো (সবাই জানে কোন দরজা)।Turn off the light.
→ লাইটটা নিভিয়ে দাও।
2.2. “only / first / last / same / next / previous” ইত্যাদির আগে
I am the only one who called you.
→ আমি-ই একমাত্র লোক যে তোমাকে ফোন করেছি।He is the first boy in the class.
She is the last person I want to see.
We live on the same floor.
I will come the next day.
এ সব ক্ষেত্রে “সেই একমাত্র / সেই প্রথম / সেই শেষ / একই” – তাই the বসে।
2.3. Superlative Degree (best, tallest ইত্যাদি) এর আগে
He is the best player in our team.
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
This is the most important question.
2.4. একটাই থাকে / Unique জিনিসের আগে
the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky
the Taj Mahal, the North Pole, the equator
এদের মধ্যে আরেকটা নেই, তাই definite—“the” লাগে।
2.5. বিশেষ কোনো গ্রুপ / শ্রেণি বোঝাতে
(ক) পুরো জাতি, জনগোষ্ঠী বোঝাতে
the Indians are friendly.
the rich should help the poor.
এখানে the rich = ধনী মানুষরা (একটা গ্রুপ)
the poor = গরিব মানুষরা।
(খ) পুরো প্রজাতি / বস্তুসমষ্টি বোঝাতে
The tiger is a dangerous animal.
→ “বাঘ” প্রজাতি dangerous।The computer has changed our life.
→ কম্পিউটার নামের যন্ত্রটি সামগ্রিকভাবে।
2.6. নদী, সমুদ্র, সাগর, উপসাগর ইত্যাদির আগে
the Ganges, the Nile, the Thames
the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean
the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea
2.7. পর্বতমালা, দ্বীপপুঞ্জ, মরুভূমি, দিগন্ত ইত্যাদির আগে
পর্বতমালা (range):
the Himalayas, the Alps
দ্বীপপুঞ্জ:
the Andamans, the West Indies
মরুভূমি:
the Sahara, the Thar Desert
দিক বোঝাতে (বিশেষ প্রসঙ্গে):
the East, the West, the North, the South
2.8. বিখ্যাত ভবন, প্রতিষ্ঠান, সংবাদপত্রের আগে
the White House, the Parliament, the Empire State Building
the Times of India, the Telegraph, the Statesman
the Indian Museum, the Victoria Memorial
2.9. কিছু নির্দিষ্ট স্থান + of-phrase দেওয়া থাকলে
the capital of India
the girl in blue
the boy with long hair
the roof of the house
of/in/with ইত্যাদি দিয়ে নির্দিষ্ট করে দিলে, “the” বসবে।
2.10. musical instrument এবং কিছু invention-এর আগে
He plays the guitar.
She plays the piano.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
2.11. তারিখ, ordinal number ইত্যাদির আগে (অনেক ক্ষেত্রে)
the 15th of August
the 1st of January
Today is the 18th of November.
3. কোথায় “the” ব্যবহৃত হয় না
এখানেই বেশি ভুল হয়। ধীরে ধীরে পয়েন্ট ধরে দেখি।
3.1. সাধারণভাবে কোনো কিছুর নাম বললে (general sense)
(ক) Plural Noun + general sense → usually no article
Tigers are dangerous animals. (not the tigers – যদি পুরো species বোঝাতে চান, তখনও “the tiger” বা “tigers” – দুই রকমই চলে, context দেখবে)
Books are our best friends.
Flowers are beautiful.
(খ) Uncountable noun + general sense → no article
Water is essential for life.
Milk is good for health.
Honesty is the best policy.
Gold is a precious metal.
3.2. ব্যক্তির নাম / স্থানের নাম সাধারন ভাবে
I met Rahul yesterday. (not the Rahul)
India is a large country.
Kolkata is a big city.
Ram and Sita went to the temple.
শুধুমাত্র নিজস্ব নাম (proper noun) হলে the বসে না।
তবে, যদি তার আগে কোন adjective বা description বসে “একটি শ্রেণি, family, group” বোঝায়, তখন বসতে পারে, যেমন:
The Guptas live next door. (Gupta পরিবার)
3.3. ভাষার নাম, subject, games এর আগে
I am learning English. (not the English – unless you say the English language)
He speaks Hindi and Bengali.
Mathematics is my favourite subject.
I like to play cricket and football.
3.4. খাবারের নামের আগে (meal names) – সাধারণ নিয়মে
We have breakfast at 8 a.m.
I ate lunch with my friend.
They invited us to dinner.
তবে definite করলে “the” হতে পারে:
The dinner we had yesterday was great. (গতকালের নির্দিষ্ট dinner)
3.5. School, college, church, bed, hospital ইত্যাদির আগে – use হিসাবে
যখন এই জায়গাগুলি “কী করতে যাচ্ছি” এই অর্থে আসে, তখন সাধারণত article থাকে না।
He goes to school every day. (ছাত্র হিসেবে)
She is at college now.
They went to church on Sunday.
My uncle is in hospital. (রোগী হিসেবে ভর্তি)
I am going to bed. (ঘুমাতে যাচ্ছি)
কিন্তু যখন building–এর মতো “নির্দিষ্ট জায়গা” বোঝাই:
The parents went to the school to meet the headmaster.
There is a church near the hospital.
3.6. দিন, মাস, ঋতুর নাম – সাধারণ ভাবে
Monday is the first day of the week for many people.
December is a cold month in some countries.
Winter is my favourite season.
শুধু নাম বললে “the” লাগে না। তবে আবার specific করলে লাগতে পারে:
It was the winter of 1947.
3.7. Abstract noun – সাধারণ অর্থে
Honesty is the best policy.
Beauty is a joy forever.
Love is blind.
কিন্তু যখন নির্দিষ্ট কোনো উদাহরণ/instance বোঝায়:
The beauty of the Taj Mahal is world-famous.
The love of a mother is pure.
3.8. একক শহর, দেশ, মহাদেশের নামে সাধারণত “the” বসে না
India, China, France, Japan, Kolkata, London, Europe
কিন্তু কিছু নামের আগে “the” বসে:
the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the Philippines
(কারণ এরা সাধারণত plural বা union অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়।)
4. কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Contrast (যেখানে exam এ trap দেয়)
4.1. “I am the only one who called you.”
✔️ সঠিক, কারণ the only one = “একটাই ব্যক্তি” → definite।
I am the only student who passed.
She is the only daughter in the family.
4.2. “school” / “the school”
He goes to school (student হিসেবে যায়)
His father went to the school (নির্দিষ্ট building–এ গেলেন, কাজ আছে বলে)
4.3. “hospital” / “the hospital”
She is in hospital. (রোগী হিসেবে ভর্তি)
I went to the hospital to see her. (নির্দিষ্ট hospital-এ গেলাম)
4.4. “bed” / “the bed”
I went to bed at 11 p.m. (ঘুমাতে গেলাম)
He is sitting on the bed. (বিছানাটা–একটা furniture হিসেবে)
5. ছোট একটা সারাংশ (মনে রাখার কৌশল)
সাধারণ Thumb Rule:
“the” দাও যখন—
নির্দিষ্ট (আগে বলা/দুজনেই জানি)
একটাই আছে (sun, sky, Taj Mahal…)
superlative (the best, the tallest)
only/first/last/same ইত্যাদি (the only, the first…)
river, ocean, sea, range, group (the Ganges, the Himalayas, the poor)
“the” দিও না যখন—
নাম (Rahul, Kolkata, India…)
general plural / uncountable (Books help us. Milk is good.)
language, subject, game (English, Mathematics, cricket)
meal names (breakfast, lunch, dinner)
school, bed, hospital ইত্যাদি – use sense এ (go to school, in bed, in hospital)
১. Fill in the blanks (the / no article)
(উত্তর শেষে দেওয়া আছে)
A. Fill in the blanks:
___ sun rises in the east.
He plays ___ guitar.
I met ___ boy you told me about.
She is in ___ hospital. (as a patient)
He went to ___ school to meet the principal.
___ Ganges is a holy river.
___ Mount Everest is the highest peak.
We had ___ dinner at 9 pm.
___ rich should help ___ poor.
Kolkata is ___ city I love most.
___ Taj Mahal is in Agra.
Children are going to ___ bed.
He is sitting on ___ bed.
I saw ___ dog. ___ dog was barking.
___ water is essential for life.
___ milk you gave me was fresh.
She speaks ___ English fluently.
This is ___ best movie I have ever seen.
He lives in ___ USA.
___ Andamans are beautiful islands.
২. Identify: Correct or Incorrect
(ভুল হলে ঠিক করে দাও)
The India is a big country.
He went to the bed at 10 p.m.
The honesty is the best policy.
She is learning the English.
The Ganga flows through India.
The boys are playing cricket.
He is in the hospital (patient).
I reached the school late today. (student)
The sun is shining brightly.
This is the only option we have.
৩. Rewrite with correct article
I am only person who knows the truth.
He is first boy in the class.
She is studying in college now.
Milk is good for health but the milk in this bottle is sour.
She bought umbrella. Umbrella was very costly.
Students went to school to take exam.
The Nile is longest river in the world.
He is sitting on chair.
They invited us to dinner yesterday.
Rich should help poor.
৪. Mixed Practice (Exam Style)
Why do we use the before superlatives? Explain with examples.
Write 3 sentences where “the” is NOT used before a proper noun.
Write 3 sentences where “the” MUST be used before a proper noun.
Explain the difference between:
He is in hospital
He is in the hospital
Make 5 correct sentences using “the” before a group of people (the poor, the young…).
Make 5 incorrect sentences (article errors) and then correct them.
Write the rule of article “the” with rivers, seas, oceans.
Use “the” correctly in these lines:
___ Himalayas are in ___ north of India.
___ Arabian Sea lies to ___ west of India.
Complete the sentences:
___ telephone was invented by Bell.
___ computer has changed our life.
Explain in Bengali why we say “go to school” but “go to the school” in some cases.
৫. Answers + Explanations (Bengali + English)
Fill in the blanks – Answers
the
the
the
— (no article)
the
the
— (Mount Everest → no article before single mountains)
—
the, the
the
the
—
the
a, the
— (general water)
the
—
the
the
the
Correct / Incorrect – Answers
❌ Incorrect → India is a big country.
❌ Incorrect → He went to bed at 10 p.m.
❌ Incorrect → Honesty is the best policy.
❌ Incorrect → She is learning English.
✔ Correct
✔ Correct
❌ Incorrect → He is in hospital.
❌ Incorrect → I reached school late today.
✔ Correct
✔ Correct
Rewrite – Answers
I am the only person who knows the truth.
He is the first boy in the class.
She is studying in college now.
✔ Already correct.
She bought an umbrella. The umbrella was very costly.
Students went to school to take the exam.
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
He is sitting on a chair.
They invited us to dinner yesterday.
The rich should help the poor.
Mixed Exam Style Answers
41. Why “the” before superlatives?
Because superlatives refer to one specific highest/lowest item in a group.
Example:
He is the best student.
This is the most important chapter.
(বাংলায় “সবচেয়ে ভাল সেই…” অর্থ হয়।)
42. 3 sentences → no “the” before proper noun
India is a beautiful country.
Rahul is my friend.
Kolkata is a big city.
43. 3 sentences → “the” before proper noun
The United States is powerful.
The Netherlands is in Europe.
I visited the Andamans last year.
44. Difference
He is in hospital. → তিনি রোগী হিসেবে ভর্তি।
He is in the hospital. → নির্দিষ্ট hospital building–এ আছেন।
45. Sentences with “the” before group
The rich should help the poor.
The young must respect the old.
The blind need special care.
The sick were admitted quickly.
The brave are respected everywhere.
46. Incorrect → Correct
The India is beautiful. → India is beautiful.
He went to the bed. → He went to bed.
She is reading the Bengali. → She is reading Bengali.
I like the cricket. → I like cricket.
The water of river is clear. → The water of the river is clear.
47. Rule (Bengali)
নদী, সাগর, সমুদ্র, উপসাগরের আগে সবসময় the বসে।
Examples:
the Ganges
the Atlantic Ocean
the Bay of Bengal
48.
The Himalayas are in the north of India.
The Arabian Sea lies to the west of India.
49.
The telephone was invented by Bell.
The computer has changed our life.
50. Explanation
go to school → ছাত্র হিসেবে স্কুলে যাওয়ার কাজ বোঝায় (purpose sense)।
go to the school → স্কুল নামের ভবনটিতে যাওয়া, কোনো কাজ আছে।
যদি তুমি চাও, আমি এগুলো Word / PDF format-এ সুন্দরভাবে সাজিয়ে দিতে পারি DOCS-এর জন্য।
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